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Epilepsy / Seizure Disorder

Epilepsy / Seizure Disorder

What is Epilepsy?

1. At least two unprovoked (or reflex) seizures occurring greater than 24 hours apart.
2. One unprovoked (or reflex) seizure and a probability of further seizures similar to the general recurrence risk (at least 60%) after two unprovoked seizures, occurring over the next 10 years.
3. Diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome

What are different types of Epilepsy?

There are mainly three types of epilepsy depending upon the etiology of seizures:

1. Genetic epilepsy
2. Symptomatic epilepsy
3. Cryptogenic epilepsy

What are the symptoms of Epilepsy?

1. Temporary confusion
2. A staring spell
3. Uncontrollable jerking movements of the arms and legs
4. Loss of consciousness or awareness
5.Psychic symptoms such as fear, anxiety or déjà vu

What are the causes of Seizure/Epilepsy

1. Genetic Disorders
2. Pre and Perinatal insult
3. Developmental disorders
4. Head Trauma
5. Brain Tumour
6. Brain stroke
7. Brain infection

What are the complications of Seizure/Epilepsy?

1. Fall and Head Injury
2. Drowning
3. Car Accidents
4. Pregnancy complication
5. Emotional health issue
6. Status Epilepticus- Life threatening uncontrolled seizures
7. SUDEP - Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy

How to diagnose Epilepsy?

1. History and Neurological Examination
2. EEG (Electroencephalogram)
3. Video EEG
4. Neuroimaging – MRI, fMRI, SPECT, PET
5. Neuropsychological test

What are the treatment options?

Medication- Antiepileptic medications selection depends upon the patient’s age, gender, type of seizure, associated comorbid condition and other multiple factors.

Suregery- When medications fail to provide adequate control over seizures, surgery may be an option. With epilepsy surgery, a surgeon removes the area of your brain that's causing seizures.

Others – Lifestyle modification, Psychosocial support.