1. At least two unprovoked (or reflex) seizures occurring greater than 24 hours apart.
2. One unprovoked (or reflex) seizure and a probability of further seizures similar to the general recurrence risk (at least 60%) after two unprovoked seizures, occurring over the next 10 years.
3. Diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome
There are mainly three types of epilepsy depending upon the etiology of seizures:
1. Genetic epilepsy
2. Symptomatic epilepsy
3. Cryptogenic epilepsy
1. Temporary confusion
2. A staring spell
3. Uncontrollable jerking movements of the arms and legs
4. Loss of consciousness or awareness
5.Psychic symptoms such as fear, anxiety or déjà vu
1. Genetic Disorders
2. Pre and Perinatal insult
3. Developmental disorders
4. Head Trauma
5. Brain Tumour
6. Brain stroke
7. Brain infection
1. Fall and Head Injury
2. Drowning
3. Car Accidents
4. Pregnancy complication
5. Emotional health issue
6. Status Epilepticus- Life threatening uncontrolled seizures
7. SUDEP - Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
1. History and Neurological Examination
2. EEG (Electroencephalogram)
3. Video EEG
4. Neuroimaging – MRI, fMRI, SPECT, PET
5. Neuropsychological test
Medication- Antiepileptic medications selection depends upon the patient’s age, gender, type of seizure, associated comorbid condition and other multiple factors.
Suregery- When medications fail to provide adequate control over seizures, surgery may be an option. With epilepsy surgery, a surgeon removes the area of your brain that's causing seizures.
Others – Lifestyle modification, Psychosocial support.