Infections of the Central Nervous System (CNS) comprise meningitis (affecting the meninges), encephalitis (affecting brain parenchyma) and myelitis (affecting the spinal cord) or abscess (pus collection with in the brain parenchyma).
Bacteria, fungi and viruses are the most common causes of CNS infections.
1. fever
2. headache
3. vomiting
4. stiff neck
5. lethargy (exhaustion)
6. confusion
7. drowsiness
8. coma
9. seizures
10. irritability
11. sensitivity to light
Spinal tap or lumbar puncture – CSF Analysis for virus, bacteria, fungi and tuberculosis
Brain imaging with CT scan or MRI – To see for structural damage
Electroencephalograph (EEG) – To rule out seizure activity
Blood tests – Infective markers
Brain biopsy – Only done when diagnosis is doubtful
1. Antibiotics, Antiviral, Antifungal, Antitubercular agents depending on the etiology
2. Corticosteroids - to reduce brain inflammation
3. Anticonvulsants - to prevent or stop seizures
4. Sedatives - for restlessness, aggressiveness, and irritability
5. Intravenous fluids – to maintain hydration
6. Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory
Intervention for brain abscess